STILL IN WORK
We've to gather a few dates around the date of the Bolognese document, which was 21st of June 1477.
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Italian politic in 15th century was generally difficult to understand.
The relations Ferrara-Milan seem to have been more or less friendly, as long Francesco Sforza lived. When Francesco Sforza died (March 1466), a war occurred ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Molinella ... fought on July 25, 1467
On the one side were 14,000 infantry and cavalry led by Bartolomeo Colleoni in theory fighting for Venice (but Colleoni had his personal agenda), in coalition with Borso d'Este, Marquis of Ferrara (represented by his half-brother Ercole I d'Este) and the Lords of Pesaro, Forlì, and some renegade families of Florence.
On the other side was an army of 13,000 soldiers in the service of Florence, allied with Galeazzo Maria Sforza (ruler of the Duchy of Milan), King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Giovanni II Bentivoglio (ruler of Bologna). The army was led by a Federico da Montefeltro.
see also:
https://books.google.de/books?id=-v4V6F ... 68&f=false
Peace was arranged by Pope Paul in February / April 1468
But actually there was not really peace.
Life of Ercole d'Este automatic translation
https://condottieridiventura-it.transla ... r_pto=wapp
July 1469:
Piero dei Medici and Giovanni Ludovico Pio, with the connivance of the Duke of Milan and the King of Naples, weave a conspiracy to make him (Ercole) Duke of Ferrara in place of his brother Borso. He is also promised the staff of captain general of the league, a commission of 50,000 florins, the lordship of Ravenna, Forlì and Faenza. Ercole d'Este pretends to join the plot and informs his brother Borso; having had the proofs of the treaty, he arrested seven brothers of the Pio house, Andrea da Varegnana and the chancellor of the Duke of Milan Giovanni Antonio da Figino. He is released for reasons of expediency; the other prisoners are escorted to Bondeno.
August 1469
The conspirators are beheaded in the square of Ferrara. At the same time Ercole d'Este joins Galeotto della Mirandola and captures Giovanni Marco Pio , who was also taken to Ferrara on the charge of wanting to hand over Carpi to the Sforza; other members of that family are hanged in Carpaneto and Sassuolo. Ercole d'Este leaves Modena, goes to Molinella, Bondeno and Ravenna in command of the Venetian broken lances.
September 1469. Ercole fighting for Venice and Rimini
Ercole was sent by the Venetians with 8 squads of horses and 2000 infantrymen to help the popes defeated in Mulazzano by Roberto Malatesta and Federico da Montefeltro . The shipment is unsuccessful. Despite this, his conduct is renewed.
Borso becomes sick in July 1471. Borso d'Este dies at 20th August 1471.
August1471: Ercole becomes Duke of Ferrara without finding any resistance: there are only movements of troops in the various neighboring states. The soul of the brothers is ingratiated with, through the confirmation of the lieutenancy of Reggio Emilia in Sigismondo and the gift of the Schifanoia palace (with 17,000 Marquis lire of income in Polesine and the estates of Montesanto, Casaglia and Sassuolo) to the other brother Alberto . Conversely, many partisans of Niccolò d'Este were killed by his troops in the streets of Ferrara; the rival is considered rebellious.
November 1471
He has Giovanni Francesco da Mantova, chamberlain of Niccolò d'Este beheaded and hanged, and Giovanni Costabili who attempted to enter Stellata. He removes Francesco d'Este, Leonello's other son, from Ferrara and tries to get rid of his rival by bribing a cook in Mantua who has the task of poisoning him.
Ercole d'Este married and got 3 children
Alfonso d'Este was born as first son of Ercole d'Este at 21st of July 1476 with 3 elder sisters: Lucrezia d'Este as a half-sister c. 1470, Isabello d'Este 1474 and Beatrice d'Este 1475.
Niccolo d'Este, son of Lionello d'Este, attempts to cause a rebellion in Ferrara against the duke Ercole. He is executed at 5th of September1476 and also a lot of his followers.
September 1476
Niccolò d'Este, with the help of the Marquis of Mantua, sends 700 infantrymen to the orders of the Paduan Francesco and Brunoro da Grompo. They sail on the Po on boats covered with mats, hay and straw and reach as far as Ferrara; they manage to penetrate Castel Tedaldo through a hole in the walls that the masons are putting in place. Niccolò d'Este, with part of the armed men, throws himself into the via di San Donato, arrives at the square and calls the people to revolt. The captain Gaspare da Rubiera locks himself up in the cathedral with the few infantrymen he has at his disposal. Even Sigismondo and Alberto d'Este, not knowing what to do, shut themselves up in the ducal palace; Ercole d'Este, which on that day is in Belriguardo, focuses on Argenta and strengthens itself in Lugo. He returns to Ferrara, when he is in possession of more detailed information on the number of insurgents; with his brother Rinaldo he throws himself against them. Niccolò d'Este manages to escape initially; finally, he is captured by some peasants in the countryside near Bondeno; the two are taken prisoner by Grompo and 200 men. The executions begin: the first are the two Paduans, hanged at the corners of the Palazzo della Ragione; another 18 men are hanged from the window columns of the same building and five from the battlements of Castelvecchio. Niccolò d'Este is beheaded at night in the same castle and the same fate has Azzo d'Este. A priest is deprived of his dignity by the bishops of Ferrara and Comacchio and then hanged: the total number of those executed is 70 units. Another 280 men, who protest that they have joined the expedition without knowing the destination, are sentenced tocutting of a hand, the loss of an eye or other similar punishment: at the end they are delivered to various courtiers so that they can draw a ransom. Ercole d'Este suspects his brother Alberto of connivance with his opponents, strips him of the goods he previously gave him and confines him to Naples.
Galeazzo Maria Sforza was killed at 26th of December 1476 in Milan.
Charles the Bold of Burgundy died 5th of January 1477 in Nancy 10 days later in a battle.
https://www.monasterium.net/mom/Illumin ... ?block=114
Charter: 1477-05-20__Modena
Abstract: Abmachung über eine geplante Heirat zwischen Anna Sforza und Alfonso d‘Este.
Abstract: Agreement on a proposed marriage between Anna Sforza and Alfonso d'Este.
Charter: 1478-04-10_Modena
Abstract: Bona und Gian Galeazzo Sforza, Herzöge von Mailand, schenken Castelnuovo und Tortona an Ercole I. d’Este.
Abstract: Bona and Gian Galeazzo Sforza, Dukes of Milan, donate Castelnuovo and Tortona to Ercole I d'Este.
Charter: 1478-09-12_Modena
Abstract: Bona und Gian Galeazzo Maria Sforza erwählen Ercole d’Este zum Capitano der militärischen Streitkräfte.
Abstract: Bona and Gian Galeazzo Maria Sforza elect Ercole d'Este as captain of the military forces.
Translation from
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucrezia_ ... XV_secolo)
Lucrezia d'Este
She was the illegitimate daughter of the Duke of Ferrara Ercole I d'Este, born from his relationship with Ludovica Condolmieri [1], a young woman from a noble family who fell into low fortune, [2] daughter of Giorgio Condolmieri. [3]
Despite her illegitimate birth, Lucrezia grew up in the Este ducal court like the legitimate children of her father; she was much loved by the latter and even by the Duchess Eleonora his wife.
Medals of the Este brothers in comparison: Isabella, Alfonso, Ferrante, Ippolito and Sigismondo had inherited the typical Este nose of her father; Beatrice the slightly upward one of her mother. Moreover, all were dark, except Ferrante, Sigismondo, Lorenzo and Lucrezia, who had recovered, as it seems, the traditional blond of the Este.
The year of her birth remains uncertain, however, to be placed between 1470 and 1472 for the following reasons:
In 1472 Ercole d'Este sent his betrothed Eleonora as a gift of his own portrait with her illegitimate daughter Lucrezia, who therefore must have already been born and old enough to be portrayed with her father.
In March 1478 Giovanni II Bentivoglio asked Lucrezia to marry her eldest son Annibale, Ercole accepted his proposal and fixed the wedding between the two young people within six years, "because the husband and wife are Zovenites. six years to this then they are more open to copularse et darse in le carne ". Since the legal age for consummating the marriage was at the time fourteen or at most thirteen years, Lucrezia in 1478 must have been about seven or eight years old.
The Genealogy of the Principi d'Este, illuminated around 1474-1479, shows a Lucrezia as a child.
The birth of Lucrezia is not mentioned in any of the various Ferrara citizen chronicles, almost all of which do not recount events prior to 1471, the year of Ercole d'Este's ducal appointment. Not even the most detailed chronicler, Ugo Caleffini, mentions her birth, as she did in 1478 for that of her stepbrother Giulio, another illegitimate son of Duke Ercole.
Already in December 1478 the very young Annibale Bentivoglio, who was ten years old, went to Ferrara to meet his future bride. Both children were described as beautiful by chroniclers.
Annibale Bentivoglio (the young man on the right) portrayed with his father Giovanni (on the left) in Lorenzo Costa's Triumph of Fame, Bentivoglio Chapel.
The wedding, however, was postponed for another two years, to January 28, 1487. The groom went again to Ferrara with numerous boats to pick up the bride, who was then joined in Bologna by her father for the celebrations, during which a memorable banquet was held. and a joust in which famous leaders such as Gaspare Sanseverino and Francesco Gonzaga also participated.
Lucretia and Annibale got very much children.