Trionfi.com ... Les songes drolatique de Pantagruel

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120 Funny Figures in 1565

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1565: Les songes drolatique de Pantagruel
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_songe ... Pantagruel
also at https://www.pinterest.com/pin/230598443404500529/
also at https://publicdomainreview.org/collecti ... gruel-1565
ALL PICTURES: http://www.bvh.univ-tours.fr/Consult/co ... 0&offset=0

Author and producer: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Breton ... cooperating with François Desprez.
From the same team: Desprez, François: Recueil de la diversité des habits.
A Paris, De l’imprimerie de Richard Breton 1564
http://www.bvh.univ-tours.fr/Consult/co ... =0&ecran=0

We had this info earlier at tarotforum.net .... but it is somehow lost.
https://www.tarotforum.net/threads/rabe ... 688/page-2
Huck
http://trionfi.com

Re: Trionfi.com: News and Updates

512
I stumbled about this Fama picture ...

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... at the web page https://www.facsimilefinder.com/article ... s-trionfi/
Careful attention is thus merited by a richly illustrated manuscript with a French translation of the Trionfi, now conserved at the Austrian National Library in Vienna (Cod. 2581, 2582, bearing the title Les triumphes de Messire francoys petrarque beneath the coat of arms of f. 1r). Though it is a work that has rarely been addressed by scholars, it falls rightfully into the revaluation of French art at the time of Charles VIII and Louis XII, which recently culminated in the exhibition France 1500. Entre Moyen Âge et Renaissance and since continues, revealing findings that tend to dispel commonly held ideas. The Trionfi in Vienna are an invaluable element in this pursuit and should not to be excluded from further research.
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I find this work at Gallica, which is likely the first book of 2 (finishes with the Morte Trionfo).
https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b ... 8s/f1.item
It has very much unusual pictures.
I find the Amor picture at Folio 77v ... https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b ... /f158.item

There is a related text, which points to the year 1531.
https://books.google.de/books/about/Les ... edir_esc=y

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Austria codex 2581 leads to this version
https://digital.onb.ac.at/RepViewer/vie ... iew=SINGLE
I find the Amor picture at page 160. I see no way to call it directly.

Austria codex 2582 leads to this version
https://digital.onb.ac.at/RepViewer/vie ... iew=SINGLE
I find a chapter Renommee, but I don't find the Fama picture in it.

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I find another unusual Petrarca edition ... unusual picture type, not very much pictures
Les « six Triumphes du trés cler et trés prestant poete messire Francisque Petrarque »
https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b550089019
also ... https://www.europeana.eu/en/item/920051 ... b550089019

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Another Petrarca Trionfi edition, 15th century, unusual style
I Trionfi del Petrarca (f. 12-53) and other manuscripts
https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b ... 7z/f1.item
Pictures:
Amor ... https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b ... z/f26.item
... https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b ... z/f54.item
Morte ... https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b ... z/f64.item
Fama ... https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b ... z/f83.item
Tempo ... https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b ... z/f99.item
Eternitas ... https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b ... /f105.item

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Huck
http://trionfi.com

Re: Trionfi.com: News and Updates

513
Huck wrote,
I find another unusual Petrarca edition ... unusual picture type, not very much pictures
Les « six Triumphes du trés cler et trés prestant poete messire Francisque Petrarque »
https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b550089019
also ... https://www.europeana.eu/en/item/920051 ... b550089019

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Another Petrarca Trionfi edition, 15th century, unusual style
I Trionfi del Petrarca (f. 12-53) and other manuscripts
https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b ... 7z/f1.item
Pictures:
Amor ... https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b ... z/f26.item
... https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b ... z/f54.item
Morte ... https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b ... z/f64.item
Fama ... https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b ... z/f83.item
Tempo ... https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b ... z/f99.item
Eternitas ... https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b ... /f105.item
The first ms. above has two illustrations per triumph, for 12 altogether. It is good for showing a French variation on the themes: enough attributes there to identify the triumphs, but also non-standard elements.

The second one, 15th-century Italian, is really interesting and also lovely. I thought I had a good familiarity with Italian trionfi of that period, but I didn't know this one. Thanks very much. I wonder how it got to France and when. Also, of course, where it was made. I get no clues from the only author mentioned, lionardo d'arezo. That is Leonardo Bruni. The only thing that might be strange is the spelling, if it is an odd one found only in a particular area.

I found the triumph of time of particular interest, for the people around the cart, which seem to me comparable perhaps to the ChVI Love card, and even more to the Cossa workshop's Schifanoia April, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ ... %2C_11.jpg:
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On the other hand, he does a bad job of drawing animals unless they are facing the viewer, unlike Cossa, more like the Lion on the PMB Fortitude card.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ ... rength.jpg

There are the same river, hills, trees, and vineyards in most of the illustrations. Not anything in the Po valley, but it could be anywhere south or north.

Trionfi.com .... Momus

514
I remember, that I once identified the half-nude male person in the middle as Momus in some discussions long ago.
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Large picture: https://recherche.smb.museum/images/522 ... pg#1046955

There is a German article, which claims, that the half nude male person is Hephaistos/Vulcanus. I now think, that this interpretation looks correct. Momus should be the male figure at the right.
This is an automatic translation of the webpage with the information:

https://smb-museum--digital-de.translat ... r_pto=wapp

Painter: Maerten van Heemskerck 1561
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maarten_van_Heemskerck

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Added later: I attempted to find my older note to this picture ...
It wasn't in this forum, but at tarotforum.net
https://www.tarotforum.net/threads/new- ... 34/page-10
From the research results of autorbis:

The beggar (of the socalled Mantegana Tarocchi) is meant as Momus, a Greek god

e-series = http://trionfi.com/mantegna/e/e-mantegn ... chi/01.jpg
s-series = http://trionfi.com/mantegna/s/s-mantegn ... chi/01.jpg

cause ...

1. Luca Signorelli, "Education of Pan", a picture destroyed in WWII showed a similar type of beggar ... so demonstrating, that the motif was imitated in other art, likely with a specific idea ... the idea of this picture is in doubt, cause we cannot identify the meaning of the pictures or the story behind it, but Momus in a satire of Lucian criticised Pan ... so he may be one, who "educated Pan" ... if anybody has an idea, who the other figures are, we would be glad to hear about it.
The picture is dated to ca. 1490, that's a time, when Lucian texts became popular. 1494 Botticelli picture of Lucian's Calumnia, 1496 first large Lucian-print after a smaller print of 5 or 6 short stories by Sweynheim + Pannartz 1470 in Rome. As Sweynheim is suspected (by us) to be the engraver of the Mantegna Tarocchi, see ...

http://trionfi.com/0/m/00/

.. the choice of the beggar motif on the base of Lucian's texts is imaginable.


2. A Dutch painter, Maerten Jacobsz van Heemskerck, painted 1561 the following picture

http://www.abcgallery.com/H/heemskerch/heemskerch6.html

which definitely shows Momus on the base of the same above mentioned Lucian story, in which the gods are criticised. He looks more different as the Mantegna Tarocchi beggar, but definitely it has beggar attributes.
Heemskerck was 1532 - 37 in Italy and had oportunity to study mythology there, which he painted excessively in the later Dutch renaissance phase.


3. In general Iconography it is stated, that the Momus iconography jumped between an old beggar-like representation and "young-fool-show".


4. Leon Battista Alberti wrote between 1443 - 1450 a very interesting book to Momus, a hardcore-satire of his time, based upon Lucian-motifs (which he likely learnt about in Ferrara-circle (where short before the first Tarot decks are noted) . The book didn't spread very far, only insiders did knew about it. Alberti wrote two other texts based on the Lucianic style, it's not too much to say, that Alberti was fond of Lucianic reading.
When in 1470 Sweynheim and Pannartz in Rome made the first small Lucian edition, Alberti was in Rome and short before the end of his life (died 1472). It's likely, that Alberti gave some commentaries to this and talked about his early work.

5. Alberti's text is really funny and it's a good hint to read the following page just cause the fun of it.

http://www.hup.harvard.edu/pdf/ALBMOM_excerpt.pdf

It gives an introduction of the text and some of the starting text (it's a recent translation). The introduction is very good, it describes the text and gives good biographical data. One passage of the described Alberti-text says (and that's the deciding point):

[2nd book .. After some adventures on earth Momus is back on Olymp and dining with Zeus] "Momus continues to recount his terrestrials adventures. Listing the different mortal jobs he tried - craftsman, soldier, king - he explains that nothing satisfied him until he discovered the career of the beggar. Momus argues that beggar have no business concerns, no troublesome political or social affilations , and no need for possessions; they lack all responsibility and can travel freely. Momus' ironic wit earns Jupiter's favor and as a result the other gods also start to cultivate Momus' friendship."

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...he discovered the career of the beggar. Momus argues that beggar have no business concerns, no troublesome political or social affilations , and no need for possessions; they lack all responsibility and can travel freely. ###

That's the point - the Mantegna Tarocchi beggar is Momus.


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Additional info: When you read the description of Alberti's text carefully, you will find, that the god Stupor is mentioned. Now it is so, that the fool of Tarot, as we can see it in the Pierpont-Morgan-Bergamo-deck, which is dated for the year 1452 for the moment, more or less definitely is a descendant od Giotto's 14 pictures in the Arena-chapel and that it's meaning is Stupidity. Alberti's Momus has wit, he isn't stupid.

Trionfi.com's theory says, that in 1452 only 14 trumps existed and the number 14 is already mentioned in the document of 1.1.1441 in Ferrara, in a time, when Alberti often was a guest in Ferrara.

http://trionfi.com/0/d/

..it's not proven, but likely the deck of 1.1.1441 also had a fool, likely a stupid fool. So ... somehow Alberti's text is a protest against the stupid fool and a manifest for the clever fool - which is Momus. And Lucian. And Alberti.
Huck
http://trionfi.com

Trionfi.com: .... New Book

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https://books.google.de/books?id=vPj2Dw ... navlinks_s
The Reception of the Printed Image in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries: Multiplied and Modified
by Grażyna Jurkowlaniec, Magdalena Herman
Routledge, 01.09.2020 - 324 Seiten

This book examines the early development of the graphic arts from the perspectives of material things, human actors and immaterial representations while broadening the geographic field of inquiry to Central Europe and the British Isles and considering the reception of the prints on other continents.

The role of human actors proves particularly prominent, i.e. the circumstances that informed creators’, producers’, owners’ and beholders’ motivations and responses. Certainly, such a complex relationship between things, people and images is not an exclusive feature of the pre-modern period’s print cultures. However, the rise of printmaking challenged some established rules in the arts and visual realms and thus provides a fruitful point of departure for further study of the development of the various functions and responses to printed images in the sixteenth century.

The book will be of interest to scholars working in art history, print history, book history and European studies.
There is a specific sentence in this book ....
The second one is a toll register of 1442 in Rome, in which many mentions of Florentine merchants testify to the fact that ordinary playing cards and tarots were massively imported. Footnote 21
Footnote 21 one can't get ... The sentence follows the note about Giusto Giusti at September 16 in 1440.
I assume, that the marked 2nd sentence is based on a misunderstanding. If not, it would be rather revolutionary statement. I assume, it is referring to the work of Arnold Esch, but Esch reported no tarots in Rome in 1442, as far I know it. There is a register in Rome, which perhaps started in 1442, but the entries with playing cards and Trionfi decks (later called Tarots) are from a later time. The oldest Trionfi deck from this source is from 1453.
Huck
http://trionfi.com

Re: Trionfi.com: News and Updates

516
Here it is -
https://www.academia.edu/44330209/LORET ... th_Destiny

In note 21 Loretta Vandi cites "Aus der Frühgeschichte der Spielkarte. Der Import von carte da giocare und trionfi nach Rom 1445-65."
Arnold and Doris Esch Gutenberg Jahrbuch 2013, 88. Jahrgang, p. 41-53

Huck has already discussed this here in 2013 -
viewtopic.php?f=11&t=967

The date "1442" must be Vandi's misunderstanding, or a typo for 1445. Triumph cards are not specifically noted until 1453 in any case.

Re: Trionfi.com: News and Updates

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Esch wrote this sentence at the side bar of the first page of his article:
Ora però i registri doganali di Roma già alla metà del Quattrocentomostrano una massiccia importazionedi carte da gioco e addiritura di trionfi (la citazione finora più anticarisale alla 1442): trionfi piccoli, mezzani, senza ore ecc.
automatic translation
Now, however, the customs registers of Rome already in the mid-fifteenth century show a massive importation of playing cards and even triumphs (the oldest citation so far dates back to 1442): triumphs small, medium, without hours, etc. ["without hours" should be "without gold", I assume]
The "oldest citation" refers not to the archive, but to the well-known documents in 1442 Ferrara. This is also noted in the main part of the first page of the article with "erste Erwähnungenvon trionfi" and "Auszahlungsanordnung für einen Spielkartenmaler" [= Sagramoro] "am Hof von Ferrara 1442". Esch published 2013 and might have easily overlooked Franco Pratesi's note of 2011 about Giusto Guisto in the year 1440.
http://trionfi.com/0/e/01/
http://trionfi.com/giusto-giusti

There are registers for Landzoll ("normal import" since 1452 till 1465) and for Hafenzoll (import via ship 1428 and 1444-1452) collected in Eschs text.
Huck
http://trionfi.com

Re: Trionfi.com: News and Updates

519
The reception of the printed image in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries: multiplied and modified
Jurkowlaniec, Grazyna • Herman, Magdalena [Hrsg.]. - New York, NY [u.a.] (2021)
.... was published recently (2021)

https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/ ... etta-vandi
.... this has a 2020, possibly for the Loretta Vandi article.

https://www.academia.edu/38037569/LORET ... erence_pdf
... this reports a conference in 2018

https://www.routledge.com/authors/i1682 ... -vandi#bio
... author biography

https://www.academia.edu/44330209/LORET ... th_Destiny
... the text has information about new findings of old playing cards

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Omodeo, Anna "Tarocchi Fiorentini." Antichità Viva (1968), 50-57
... the article likely refers to Tarocchi found in a book-binding after the water catastrophe in 1966.
I find this:
https://www.maremagnum.com/libri-antich ... /163623678

"Monsig, Davide Tinto" is Monsignore Davide Tinto, a person in Urbino.

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Added later:

In the case, that I understood the article correctly, there are 3 objects:

1. A 48 card deck (2 sheets) in the possession of Giuliano Crippa ... this seems to be that, what we called the Assissi card
2. The 7 pages article about playing card sheets found in old book-binding after the water catastrophe in Florence 1966
3. 3 sheets in Urbino, which aren't published till now. 2 sheets shall be similar to Rosenwald and Assissi, the third is different.

Addition to 3. 3 sheets in Urbino:
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50 years after the water catastrophe in Florence 1966.
https://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/maize/mpub ... w=fulltext
Huck
http://trionfi.com

Re: Trionfi.com: News and Updates

520
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This astonishing piece of art (detected in the recent years) has an age of about 3500 years and a length of 3,4 cm (that's smaller as the picture).

Large picture: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ ... _Agate.jpg
description: Pylos Combat Agate
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pylos_Combat_Agate
"The small scale of the intricate details prompted questions regarding ancient Greek civilizations' ability to create such an object; some archaeologists believe that such minute details could have only been created with the help of a magnifying glass .... "
Huck
http://trionfi.com