vh0610 wrote: 03 May 2022, 21:33
Remember furthermore that in Roman times, the triumph was granted only to emperors.
As we know from Ross Caldwell, in Ferrara there is this order of c. 1422, that people should play cards in the old fashion, not in the new one. And then there is the note in the same Ferrara 1423 with "VIII Imperadori".
Just two corrections here.
1.
Of course it was only after Rome gained a princeps and perpetual "Imperator" in the person of Octavian that the celebration of triumphs started to become limited to the emperors. Before that, from the 8th century to the early first century, they were awarded mostly to victorious generals.
Here is the classic list on four marble tablets which originally contained over 400 triumphs, "Fasti Triumphales," which lists 210 down to 19 B.C., with about 200 lines missing,
http://www.attalus.org/translate/fasti.html
See also Wikipedia's page -
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasti_Triumphales
2.
The second refers to a decree issued by the Vicar of Provisions (
Vicario di provvisione) of Milan (not Ferrara), Giacomo Teseo Bussone da Carmagnola, doctor of laws, on 24 February, 1420. The Vicar of Provisions was the duke's representative with the city, with full authority to promulgate and execute laws.
Here is the heart of the text, followed by three translations:
Obviare volentes sceleratis machinationibus et falatiis quibus multi, presertim adolescentes quotidie seducuntur a perfidis deceptoribus in praticam ludendi cum cartexelis ad numerum petendum, ut puta, de prima, tertia, quarta vel per equipolentum modum et aliquando, qui recipiendo carteselas attingunt ad numerum signorum, quod nuncupatur ludus de triginta vel ad aliquem consimilem ludum, unde compertum est multos et potissimum adolescentes maleversari pariterque summe falaciter reddi et sepissime proinde denum ad peiora deduci, utilitate pensata reypublice,
providerunt et ordinaverunt et provident et ordinant quod decetero nullus cuiusvis status et conditionis existat audeat vel presumat in civitate vel ducatu Mediolani aliquo modo ludere nec ludi facere ad aliquem ex predictis vel consimilibus ludis nec ad aliquem ludum carteselarum nisì dumtaxat secundum antiquum et rectum modum, videlicet iactando foras figuras et alia signa pro tali signo et tali figura, nominando enses vel bachulos et tale signum contra tale signum et hec omnia sub pena florenorum decem cuilibet contrafacienti auferenda.
My translation:
Wishing to avoid the wicked manipulations and trickery by which numerous persons, especially youths, are every day corrupted through perfidious deceptions in playing card games for a specified number, for example the first, third, fourth, or some equivalent manner and at once, those who, on receiving the cards, reach a certain number of signs, which is a game called Thirty, or at any similar game, due to which many, especially youths, go wrong, and are also paid back in a particularly deceptive way and, as a result, very often led to worse. Concerned for the interests of the Republic, they (the 12 of Provisions, magistrates) have made provision, and ordered, and provide and order that henceforth no one of whatever status or condition should venture nor presume, in the city or the duchy of Milan, in any way to play or to cause to be played at any of the aforesaid or similar games, nor at any game of cards,
except to the extent that it follows the ancient and proper way, that is to say in throwing forth the figures and other signs for such a sign and such a figure, in calling swords or batons and such a sign against such a sign, and all of this under penalty of 10 florins that will be applicable to whoever contravenes.
Thierry Depaulis' translation:
Voulant éviter les machinations et tromperies scélérates par lesquelles nombre de personnes, surtout les jeunes, sont quotidiennement corrompues par de perfides escrocs dans la pratique du jeu de cartes où l'on cherche à obtenir la valeur, par exemple, de la première, de la troisième, de la quatrième [carte], ou de façon équivalente en une fois, et ceux qui atteignent, en recevant les cartes, un [certain] nombre de signes (points), qu'on appelle le jeu du trente (ludus de triginta) ou à tout jeu semblable, où l'on sait que plusieurs — et surtout les jeunes — tournent mal, et sont également entraînés de façon particulièrement trompeuse et, par conséquent, très souvent conduits au pire.
Soucieux de l'intérêt de la République, ils [les magistrats] ont décidé et ordonné, décident et ordonnent que, du reste, personne, de quelque état ou condition que ce soit, dans la ville ou le duché de Milan, n'ose ou n'ait l'audace, d'aucune manière, de jouer ou de faire jouer à un quelconque des jeux susdits ou semblables ni à aucun jeu de cartes,
sauf si l'on se borne à la manière ancienne et droite, c'est-à-dire en rejetant les figures et autres signes pour tel signe et telle figure, en désignant les épées ou les bâtons et tel signe contre tel signe, et tout cela sous peine de 10 florins appliquée à quiconque contreviendra.
Google automatic translation of the Latin (a much improved tool since only a few years ago), which needs to be cleaned up only a little:
Wanting to confront the unholy machinations and frauds by which many, especially young people, are daily seduced by treacherous impostors into the practice of playing with cartexelis, to beg for the number, for example, of the first, third, fourth, or equivalent modes and sometimes It is called a game of thirty or a game of a similar kind, from which it has been found that many and most of all young men do evil, and likewise be rendered most slyly, and very often, therefore, even ten, to be brought to worse things, considering the common good,
they have provided, ordained, and provide, and ordained that henceforward no one, of any state and condition, may dare, or presume to play in any way in the state or duchy of Milan, nor play games for any of the aforesaid or similar games, nor for any game of the cartesels,
except only according to the ancient and right manner, namely, By tossing out the figures and other signs for such a sign and such a figure, naming the swords or sticks and such a sign against such a sign. Further, a prohibited game, and in like manner, anyone who overcomes such a prohibited game incurs the same penalty.