German source to Beatrice Cane

1
I am preparing materials for the biography of Beatrice Cane (c. 1370-1418), first wife of Filippo Maria Visconti, duke of Milan from 1412-1447.

The duke infamously accused her of adultery, for which she was convicted and beheaded. Most contemporary commentators believed the charges false, or a pretext, and offered other explanations for the duke's accusation.

One explanation is that Beatrice was conspiring against her husband with diplomats* whom the "king of the Romans" Sigmund (most do not call him emperor yet) had sent to Milan in 1418. Although plausible, the earliest suggestion I could find of this explanation was made in 1726, by Claude Fleury in his Histoire Ecclésiastique. He generally cites the continuators of Baronius, and in this paragraph his only reference is to Rinaldi, but the story appears neither in Rinaldi nor in any of the others.

Yesterday however I read the anonymous 1970 biography of "Beatrice, duchessa di Milano" from the Dizionario biografico degli italiani,
https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/du ... rafico%29/

This author mentions Eberhard Windeck's (c. 1380-1440) contemporary witness to the story, along with the story of her conspiracy with Sigmund's diplomats (I still do not know how Fleury could have known about it, though).

Altmann's edition of Windeck's chronicle is thankfully available, and in his edition the chapter is XCVI, pp. 94-95.


http://www.rosscaldwell.com/marzianotex ... ewindeck94
I have edited the critical notes so that they only apply to our text, hence the appearance of the page.

http://www.rosscaldwell.com/marzianotex ... ewindeck95

I need help with this German. This question is primarily addressed to Huck, obviously. Can you make at least a rough translation?

Here is Altmann's edition of Windeck at Heidelberg:
https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/digli ... w_hidden=0
Or scroll to pages 94-95 -
https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/digli ... 013/scroll

*Fleury calls these diplomats the Bishop of Passau and the Count of Oettingen.

In 1418, the Bishop of Passau was Georg von Hohenlohe (1348 or 1350 - 3 August 1423).
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_von_Hohenlohe
http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bvhohenl.html
This title was actually "prince-bishop" (Fürstbischof), which combined secular and ecclesiastical rule.
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BCrstbischof
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hochstift_Passau

The Count of Oettingen was Ludwig XII of Oettingen (1361- 28 October 1440), named by Windeck in chapter LXXXIV, page 85: "grof Ludwig von Öttingen hofmeister des Romschen konigz."
https://gw.geneanet.org/jksir?lang=en&p ... +oettingen
https://www.genealogieonline.nl/fr/stam ... 505495.php
Etc.
Image
https://books.google.fr/books?id=05lAAA ... 22&f=false
Image

Re: German source to Beatrice Cane

2
XCVI. r Wie s der herre von Meilant sime elichen wibe
das houpt ließ abslahen vor der capellen.


[110.] Du solt merken zu der zit, als Sigemont koniges reite
in botschaft gewesen worent zu Meilant, als do vor
2 geschriben stet,
do hett der herre von Meilant ein wip
3, die hette vor gehept einen

r.) G LXXXIV; Rubrum und Zahl am Schlusse des Kapitels. In C fehlt jetzt das
Blatt, auf dem dieses Kapitel mit Ausnahme der letzten Zeilen gestanden. s.) G Hie
tet dor . . . hawpe abeslahen
2.) Oben § 96.
3.) Bahl nacli dem Tode des Facino Cane (1412) hatte Philippo Marial Visconti
dessen Wittwe Beatrice Tenda geheiratet, ohwohl sie über 40, er erst 20 Jahre
alt war. Leo, Gesch. v. Italien III (182.9) S. 358. Magenta, I Visconti et gli
Sforza I (1883) S. 306.

man a, der hieß Facikan und was des landes umb Meilant ganz gewaltig.
und also do er sterben solt, do sprach er zu dem von Meigelon

b, er solt sin wip zu der ee nemen; dete er das nit, so kunde c
er nit herre zü Meilant gesin d uber das lant, wann das lant was der
frowen gar holt und
e sie doch ouch gar ein gut wort hette in dem
lande. also do der Facikan starp, do nam der von Meigelant das
wip, doch hatte er sie nit liep: er hette die jungen knaben lieber, als
man
f saget und er das ouch wol bewiset. danne also des koniges
Sigemont
g rat zü Meilant 1 woren gewesen, do hetten sie etwas übertragen
mit der frowen, als man meinte. und do sie also hinweg gezogen
worent, do zouch der bobest Martinus quintus, der zü Costenz
erwelt was, hinin und kam gon Pafia
2h. und als der bobst komen
solt, was den von Meigelant beducht in siner boßheit: er ließ an sin
frouwe fordern all ire
i cleinöter uud nam die zu sinen handen; daz
macht einer, der hieß Conthe Carmegel
3. und der von Mcigelant ließ
donoch siner frouwen ir
k houpt abeslahen und enkunde doch niemans
erfarn
l, warumbe oder womit m sú daz verdient 4 hett n. und geschach
zwuschent Meilant und Bafie
o uf halbem wege uf eim casteln. man
sprach, sie hette in gestrof't von bulerige
p wegen von den knaben
und hette gesprochen: ,lieber herre, mugen ir min nit, so wil ich
q
ein closterfrouwc werden, und nement zu uch, welche uch r gevalle;
das selbe
s ist min guter wille'. es möcht leider nit gesin: sie müste
ee
t sterbcn. do sprochen ein teil der zúgen u, sie hette mit dem
Romschen kunige ein vereinünge
v gemacht und w wolt im zu vil zuleigen.
es endorft aber in sinem lande niemans dovon reden: er det
dem
x, als obe er ander y bose dinge gethon hette.

a.) fehlt G, H dafür andoern b.) H f. 35v c.) G enkunde d.) G sein,
H werden e.) H wan sie gar f.) H noch auch g.) fehlt V2 h.) V2 Passia!
i.) G ire cleider cleinoter k.) V2 sin! 1.) fehlt V2 m.) G H wie n.) H dahinter
also bleib sie dot o.) so G, V2 Bosie, H Pafey p.) G H puberei q.) G II ich
in ein closter komen r.) G H uch wol s.) H sal und t.) H ie u.) statt der
zügen G H er zuge sie v.) mit einungen setzt C ein, vgl. oben S. 94 r w.) V2 noch!
x.) G denne als er . . . dete y.) Hdss. anderm (vielleicht an der frouwe gethon)

1.) Vgl § 96. 2.) Dort traf Windecke den Papst; vgl. unten § 118.
3. ) Damit ist wohl Francesco Bussone da Carmagnuolo (Leo III, 360) gemeint.
4. ) Sonst wird erzählt, Beatrice sei wegen (nicht begangenen) Ehebruchs
(Septbr. 1418) hingerichtet worden. Leo III, 362. Magenta 1, 312.
Image

Re: German source to Beatrice Cane

3
I don't see much additional information. It shall have happened in a castle midway the street between Milan and Pavia. Filippo shall have not loved her, but preferred boys. Conte Carmeghel shall be Carmagnola.
The whole sounds like worthless gossip.
Beatrice shall have punished him for his love to boys (the passage is not clear). Somehow she shall cooperated with Sigismund (the passage is not clear).

I remember: From another much more factual source I know, that there was pressure from the papal delegation, that Beatrice shall be killed (at least it gave the impression, as if that were real facts presented in a neutral way). If I remember correctly: Filippo wanted, that pope Martin visited him. The pope or his delegation demanded, that he should solve the prblem with his scandalous wife.
I wrote something here about this source or with a background of this source. 1418 should be a search key, the Manilius text and pope Martin and Michelino deck . My interest was to reconstruct the journey of the poe and the precise time of his stay.

Something starts here ... viewtopic.php?f=12&t=893&hilit=1418+mar ... =40#p13057

Beatrice was murdered at Binasco Castle, indeed in the mid between Milan and Pavia.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visconti_Castle_(Binasco)
Last edited by Huck on 10 Feb 2021, 17:49, edited 1 time in total.
Huck
http://trionfi.com

Re: German source to Beatrice Cane

4
Thanks, that's fine. It doesn't matter whether it is true or not, gossip or idle talk. I only needed to have a contemporary source for it.
It shall have happened in a castle midway the street between Milan and Pavia.
Yes, castle at Binasco.
Beatrice shall have punished him for his love to boys (the passage is not clear).
His homosexuality is known.
Somehow she shall cooperated with Sigismund (the passage is not clear).
Can you quote these particular lines please?
I remember: From another much more factual source I know, that there was pressure from the papal delegation, that Beatrice shall be killed (at least it gave the impression, as if that were real facts presented in a neutral way). If I remember correctly: Filippo wanted, that pope Martin visited him. The pope or his delegation demanded, that he should solve the prblem with his scandalous wife.
Martin came in October, the next month. I'll find the exact date.

I'll try to find your source for Martin's delegation's attitude toward Beatrice.

All I really want to know is every scrap of information, gossip or otherwise, that suggests Beatrice was meddling with Filippo Maria's politics.
Image

Re: German source to Beatrice Cane

5
I'll try to find your source for Martin's delegation's attitude toward Beatrice.
The date is at the link that I gave the post before. You must follow the discussion there a longer time.

Sigismund
Line 8
"danne also des koniges Siegemont rat zu Meilant woren gewesen, do hetten sie etwas übertragen mit der frowenm als man meinte."
There were diplomats of Siegmund in Milan, then they had made a formal act ("Übertragung" is used, when she gave rights, for instance possession") .... "als man meinte" means that this was only an opinion about an action, not necessarily a fact.
near the end of the page
"da sprochen ein Teil Teil der zugen, sie hette mit dem Romschen kunige ein vereinünge gemacht und wolt ihm zu vil zuleigen" ... a part of the witnesses said, that she had an agreement with the Roman king and wished to give him too much.

Somehow it was feared, that Beatrice would give formal rights to Sigismund, for which Filippo Maria regarded himself the correct heir.

Beatrice owned a lot of territory, when she married Filippo Maria. Likely Filippo Maria didn't get this territory automatically, but was dependent on her agreement. If she declared Sigismund for her heir and Sigismund was potent enough to fight for his new rights, Filippo Maria would have had problems.
I remember, that there was a scandal with a murdered wife a little later than 1418 (1422) in Northern countries and there and then the husband suffered.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Frankopan
Last edited by Huck on 11 Feb 2021, 10:47, edited 1 time in total.
Huck
http://trionfi.com

Re: German source to Beatrice Cane

6
Huck wrote: 10 Feb 2021, 17:56 Sigismund
Line 8
"danne also des koniges Siegemont rat zu Meilant woren gewesen, do hetten sie etwas übertragen mit der frowenm als man meinte."
There were diplomats of Siegmund in Milan, then they had made a formal act ("Übertragung" is used, when she gave rights, for instance possession") .... "als man meinte" means that this was only an opinion about an action, not necessarily a fact.
near the end of the page
"da sprochen ein Teil Teil der zugen, sie hette mit dem Romschen kunige ein vereinünge gemacht und wolt ihm zu vil zuleigen" ... a part of the witnesses said, that she had an agreement with the Roman king and wished to give him too much.

Somehow it was feared, that Beatrice would give formal rights to Sigismund, for which Filippo Maria regarded himself the correct heir.

Beatrice owned a lot of territory, when she married Filippo Maria. Likely Filippo Maria didn't get this territory automatically, but was dependent on her agreement. When she declared Sigismund for her heir and Sigismund was potent enough to fight for his new rights, Filippo Maria would have had problems.
I remember, that there was a scandal with a murdered wife a little later than 1918 (1422) in Northern countries and there and then the husband suffered.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Frankopan
Thanks. It will take a little time for me to establish the chronology and exactly what happened between Sigmund and Filippo Maria in 1417 and especially 1418. The main source for Sigmund's actions seems to be Wilhelm Altmann, Die Urkunden Kaiser Sigmunds (1410-1437). , two volumes 1896-1900. They are downloadable -
https://opacplus.bsb-muenchen.de/title/BV019940080

One key event seems to be that on 2 February, Sigmund allowed Filippo Maria to legitimate his half-brother Antonio, and to name him or Giovanni, son of his deceased half-brother Gabrielle (beheaded in Genoa in 1408 I believe), or his own illegitimate sons that may come, as his successors in the duchy and to have claims over territories previously belonging to Gian Galeazzo but not yet won back. This is Altmann vol. 1 page 204 number 2871.

This clearly puts Beatrice out of the picture.

Altmann's main source was the Haus-, Hof- und Staatsarchiv at the Österreichische Staatsarchiv in Vienna.
https://www.archivinformationssystem.at ... aspx?ID=17

They do not appear to be online as scanned documents.
Image

Re: German source to Beatrice Cane

7
UPDATE: I have revised the translation below to incorporate input from Huck.

Here's my attempt at a translation, Ross. I don't have a lot of experience with Mittelhochdeutsch/Frühneuhochdeutsch, so there's still a few phrases I'm not certain about; I've added comments to those below. I relied mainly on the Grimm dictionary plus various other online dictionaries and grammar guides for Mittelhochdeutsch and Frühneuhochdeutsch.

XCVI. Wie der herre von Meilant sime elichen wibe das houpt ließ abslahen vor der capellen.
XCVI. How the lord of Milan had his wife's head cut off in front of the chapel.
[110.] Du solt merken zu der zit, als Sigemont koniges reite in botschaft gewesen worent zu
Meilant, als do vor geschriben stet, do hett der herre von Meilant ein wip, die hette vor gehept einen man, der hieß Facikan und was des landes umb Meilant ganz gewaltig.
You should note that at the time when King Sigismund's counsellors were in Milan as ambassadors, as is written above, the lord of Milan had a wife there, who had previously had a husband, who was called Facikan and was very powerful in the land around Milan.
und also do er sterben solt, do sprach er zu dem von Meigelon, er solt sin wip zu der ee nemen;
And when he was going to die, he said to him [i.e. the lord] of Milan, he should take his wife in marriage;
dete er das nit, so kunde er nit herre zü Meilant gesin uber das lant, wann das lant was der frowen gar holt und sie doch ouch gar ein gut wort hette in dem lande.
If he did not do that, he could not be lord in Milan over the land, as the land was completely faithful to the lady and, moreover, she was very highly regarded in that land.
also do der Facikan starp, do nam der von Meigelant das wip, doch hatte er sie nit liep:
When Facikan died, he of Milan took the wife, but he did not love her:
er hette die jungen knaben lieber, als man saget und er das ouch wol bewiset.
he preferred the young boys, as people said and as he also demonstrated well enough. [or: as he also apparently demonstrated.]
danne also des koniges Sigemont rat zü Meilant woren gewesen, do hetten sie etwas übertragen mit der frowen, als man meinte.
Then when King Sigismund's counsellors were in Milan, they came to some kind of arrangement with the lady, so people said. [I don't think "übertragen" means any kind of formal transfer of rights here, not least because the lady is not the subject of that verb, but rather the counsellors - the Grimm Wörterbuch lists "vereinbaren" as one of its meanings, and I think that is what it means here: see https://www.dwds.de/wb/dwb/%C3%BCbertragen , I C ]
und do sie also hinweg gezogen worent, do zouch der bobest Martinus quintus, der zü Costenz erwelt was, hinin und kam gon Pafia.
And when they had gone away, the pope Martin V, who was elected at Constance, came in and arrived at Pavia.
und als der bobst komen solt, was den von Meigelant beducht in siner boßheit:
And at the time when the pope was expected to come, as it seemed to him of Milan in his wickedness: [not totally sure of that last clause - why would the pope's impending arrival cause F.M. to do what comes next here?]
er ließ an sin frouwe fordern all ire cleinöter uud nam die zu sinen handen;
he had all his wife's jewelry taken from her and took it into his hands;
daz macht einer, der hieß Conthe Carmegel.
that was done by one who was called Conte Carmegel.
und der von Meigelant ließ donoch siner frouwen ir houpt abeslahen und enkunde doch niemans erfarn, warumbe oder womit sú daz verdient hett.
And after that, he of Milan had his wife's head cut off, yet no one could find out why or how she had earned that.
und geschach zwuschent Meilant und Bafie uf halbem wege uf eim casteln.
And that happened in a castle halfway between Milan and Pavia.
man sprach, sie hette in gestroft von bulerige wegen von den knaben und hette gesprochen:
People said, she had rebuked him for wantonness with the boys and had said: [not totally sure about the exact meaning of "bulerige" but it's definitely a reference to the amorous activities with the Knaben]
,lieber herre, mugen ir min nit, so wil ich ein closterfrouwe werden, und nement zu uch, welche uch gevalle; das selbe ist min guter wille'.
‘dear lord, if you do not want me, then I would like to become a nun, and you may take to yourself whomever pleases you; the same [thing] is entirely my desire.’
es möcht leider nit gesin: sie müste ee sterben.
Alas it could not be: she had to die instead.
do sprochen ein teil der zúgen, sie hette mit dem Romschen kunige ein vereinünge gemacht und wolt im zu vil zuleigen.
Some of the witnesses said at the time that she had made a pact with the Roman king and wanted to give too much to him.
es endorft aber in sinem lande niemans dovon reden:
But no one in his land was permitted to speak of it:
er det dem, als obe er ander bose dinge gethon hette.
he did to him [i.e. to anyone who spoke of it] as if he had done other wicked things. [I'm not totally certain about the "det dem, als obe" here]
Last edited by Nathaniel on 12 Feb 2021, 04:22, edited 3 times in total.

Re: German source to Beatrice Cane

8
Nathaniel wrote: 11 Feb 2021, 16:15 Here's my attempt at a translation, Ross. I don't have a lot of experience with Mittelhochdeutsch/Frühneuhochdeutsch, so there's still a few phrases I'm not certain about; I've added comments to those below. I relied mainly on the Grimm dictionary plus various other online dictionaries and grammar guides for Mittelhochdeutsch and Frühneuhochdeutsch.
Wow, thanks Nathaniel! I am most indebted. You make it look easy.

There is a glossary at the end of Altmann's Windeck, beginning on page 587, if it might help. But you seem to have gotten it clearly without it.

https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/digli ... w_hidden=0

There is also a faster "scroll" viewer -
https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/digli ... 013/scroll

Does the "his lands" in the last lines refer to Filippo Maria's or King Sigmund's lands? Or is it unclear?
Image

Re: German source to Beatrice Cane

9
Mostly a good translation ...
Nathaniel wrote: 11 Feb 2021, 16:15
XCVI. Wie der herre von Meilant sime elichen wibe das houpt ließ abslahen vor der capellen.
XCVI. How the lord of Milan had his wife's head cut off in front of the chapel.
[110.] Du solt merken zu der zit, als Sigemont koniges reite in botschaft gewesen worent zu
Meilant, als do vor geschriben stet, do hett der herre von Meilant ein wip, die hette vor gehept einen man, der hieß Facikan und was des landes umb Meilant ganz gewaltig.
You should note that at the time when King Sigismund's counsellors were in Milan as ambassadors, as is written above, the lord of Milan had a wife there, who had previously had a husband, who was called Facikan (= Facino Cane) and was very powerful in the land around Milan.
und also do er sterben solt, do sprach er zu dem von Meigelon, er solt sin wip zu der ee nemen;
And when he was going to die, he said to him [i.e. the lord] of Milan, he should take his wife in marriage;
dete er das nit, so kunde er nit herre zü Meilant gesin uber das lant, wann das lant was der frowen gar holt (German "hold" as in "die holde Beatrice" or "jemanden hold sein") und sie doch ouch gar ein gut wort hette in dem lande.
If he did not do that, he could not be lord in Milan over the land, if it was the land that the lady held in full and, moreover, she was very highly regarded in that land. [I'm not entirely sure here about "held" - this assumes that "holt" is from the verb "halten". But maybe "holt" means "receives", from the verb "holen"?]
also do der Facikan starp, do nam der von Meigelant das wip, doch hatte er sie nit liep:
When Facikan died, he of Milan took the wife, but he did not love her:
er hette die jungen knaben lieber, als man saget und er das ouch wol bewiset.
he preferred the young boys, as people said and as he also demonstrated well enough. [or: as he also apparently demonstrated.]
danne also des koniges Sigemont rat zü Meilant woren gewesen, do hetten sie etwas übertragen mit der frowen, als man meinte.
Then when King Sigismund's counsellors were in Milan, they came to some kind of arrangement with the lady, so people said. [I don't think "übertragen" means any kind of formal transfer of rights here, not least because the lady is not the subject of that verb, but rather the counsellors - the Grimm Wörterbuch lists "vereinbaren" as one of its meanings, and I think that is what it means here: see https://www.dwds.de/wb/dwb/%C3%BCbertragen , I insist, that "übertragen" is used in formal language for instance of house or land, transactions, which demand a notary, I C ]
und do sie also hinweg gezogen worent, do zouch der bobest Martinus quintus, der zü Costenz erwelt was, hinin und kam gon Pafia.
And when they had gone away, the pope Martin V, who was elected at Constance, came in and arrived at Pavia.
und als der bobst komen solt, was den von Meigelant beducht in siner boßheit:
And at the time when the pope was expected to come, as it seemed to him of Milan in his wickedness: [not totally sure of that last clause - why would the pope's impending arrival cause F.M. to do what comes next here? "beducht" is also not clear to me, a Dutch wordbook claims that it means "besorgt" or "ängstlich"]
er ließ an sin frouwe fordern all ire cleinöter uud nam die zu sinen handen;
he had all his wife's jewelry taken from her and took it into his hands;
daz macht einer, der hieß Conthe Carmegel.
that was done by one who was called Conte Carmegel (= Carmagnola].
und der von Meigelant ließ donoch siner frouwen ir houpt abeslahen und enkunde doch niemans erfarn, warumbe oder womit sú daz verdient hett.
And after that, he of Milan had his wife's head cut off, yet no one could find out why or how she had earned that.
und geschach zwuschent Meilant und Bafie uf halbem wege uf eim casteln.
And that happened in a castle halfway between Milan and Pavia.
man sprach, sie hette in gestroft von bulerige wegen von den knaben und hette gesprochen:
People said, she had rebuked him for amorousness of the boys and had said: [not totally sure about the exact meaning of "bulerige" but it's definitely a reference to the amorous activities with the Knaben; bulerige = "Buhlerei" von "buhlen", trying too get favor of somebody, often used in sexual or marriage intentions]
,lieber herre, mugen ir min nit, so wil ich ein closterfrouwe werden, und nement zu uch, welche uch gevalle; das selbe ist min guter wille'.
‘dear lord, if you do not want me, then I would like to become a nun, and you may take to yourself whomever pleases you; the same [thing] is entirely my desire.’
es möcht leider nit gesin: sie müste ee sterben.
Alas it could not be: she had to die instead.
do sprochen ein teil der zúgen, sie hette mit dem Romschen kunige ein vereinünge gemacht und wolt im zu vil zuleigen.
Some of the witnesses said at the time that she had made a pact with the Roman king and wanted to give too much to him.
es endorft aber in sinem lande niemans dovon reden:
But no one in his land was permitted to speak of it:
er det dem, als obe er ander bose dinge gethon hette.
he did to him [i.e. to anyone who spoke of it] as if he had done other wicked things. [I'm not totally certain about the "det dem, als obe" here] I think, your translation is good here
Huck
http://trionfi.com

Re: German source to Beatrice Cane

10
I think Windeck's witness is valuable. He could have been in Milan or nearby when Beatrice's trial and execution occurred.

Altmann's biography of Windeck in the introduction to his edition of the chronicle says this about the period, on page XXXI -
Auch nach Schluss des Konzils blieb Windecke in Sigmunds Diensten; zunächst wurde er von diesem im Aug. oder Septbr. 1418 dem auf der Reise nach Rom befindlichen Papste Martin V. „mit 13 Briefen“ nachgeschickt. Anfang Oktob. holte Windecke den Papst in Pavia ein und begleitete ihn nach Mailand (§ 118). Ob er hier auch mit Philippo Maria Visconti in Sigmunds Auftrag verhandelt hat, wissen wir nicht; jedenfalls aber hatte er in Pontestura, wohin er sich von Mailand aus begab, einen Auftrag an den Markgrafen von Montferrat; leider giebt er weder den Gegenstand der Unterhandlungen noch seine Erfolge an
.

From Altmann's Die Urkunden Kaiser Sigismunds, pp. 240-251, we find Sigmund in Baden at the beginning of August, and in Ulm from the beginning of September until the 20th. Beatrice was arrested on 23 August, and executed on the night of 13-14 September. Windeck met up with Martin V in Pavia on 5 October. We don't know when exactly Sigmund sent Windeck south to Italy, but he could well have been present in Milanese territory during Beatrice's trial.

Altmann Urkunden Kaiser Sigmunds, pp. 240-253
Itinerary for August to September, 1418:

1 August Baden
5 August Ettlingen
8 August Pforzheim
10 August Weil
12 August Rottenburg
15 August Rottweil
18 August Villingen
25 August Weingarten
3 September Ulm
21 September Nördlingen
22 September Öttingen
26 September Donanwörth
3 October Augsburg
Image
cron